Phrasalverben sind Wortgruppen, die ein Verb mit einem Adverb oder einer Präposition kombinieren und so eine neue Verbalphrase bilden. Die Bedeutung eines Phrasalverbs hat nichts mit der Bedeutung der einzelnen Wörter zu tun, aus denen es gebildet wird, daher betrachten wir Phrasalverben als völlig neue, unabhängige Wörter.
Phrasalverben verhalten sich genauso wie andere Verben und können als Hauptverb in einem Satz dienen, und wir können jede Art von Verbform konjugieren.
Englisch
Deutsch
Usually, I get up earlier in the summer.
Normalerweise stehe ich im Sommer früher auf.
Get up ist ein Phrasalverb, das aus dem Verb get, das allein "erwerben" bedeutet, und der Präposition up besteht, die allein die Bewegung zu einem höheren Ort oder einer höheren Position beschreibt. Kombiniert man diese Wörter, entsteht das Phrasalverb get up, das in diesem Zusammenhang "nach dem Schlafen aufstehen" bedeutet.
Trennbare Phrasalverben
Regel 1: Trennbare Phrasalverben haben immer ein direktes Objekt, das wir in die Mitte eines trennbaren Phrasalverbs setzen können, zwischen das Verb und dem Partizip.
Englisch
Deutsch
Pick up a book, please, and put it on a shelf.
Pick a book up, please, and put it on a shelf.
Nimm bitte ein Buch und stellen es in ein Regal.
Heben bitte ein Buch auf und stelle es in ein Regal.
Pick up ist ein trennbares phrasales Verb, und das Substantiv book ist das Objekt, so dass beide Wortfolgen zulässig sind.
Hinweis: Handelt es sich bei dem Objekt um ein Pronomen, muss es in der Mitte eines trennbaren Phrasalverbs stehen.
Englisch
Deutsch
Pick it up, please, and put it on a shelf.
Hebe es bitte auf und stelle es in ein Regal.
Pick up ist ein Phrasalverb, und das Objekt it ist ein Pronomen, also müssen wir es in die Mitte eines Phrasalverbs setzen.
Hier sind einige der am häufigsten verwendeten trennbaren Phrasalverben im Englischen:
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| back up | support or defend someone | He always backs up his little sister. |
| call off | cancel | We should call the meeting off. |
| check out | verify a person or thing | Please check out the tickets before booking the hotel. |
| fill up | fill something completely | I need to fill my water bottle up before biking. |
| get back | have something returned | I would like to get my money back for this order. |
| give away | donate or give something for free | It's time to give your childhood toys away. |
| let know | tell someone something | Please let me know if you need anything. |
| set up | arrange or organize | Will you help me set up the party for this weekend? |
| turn down | reject | I will have to turn this offer down. |
| put on | wear or add something | You should put a raincoat on before going outside. |
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| back up | support or defend someone | He always backs up his little sister. |
| call off | cancel | We should call the meeting off. |
| check out | verify a person or thing | Please check out the tickets before booking the hotel. |
| fill up | fill something completely | I need to fill my water bottle up before biking. |
| get back | have something returned | I would like to get my money back for this order. |
| give away | donate or give something for free | It's time to give your childhood toys away. |
| let know | tell someone something | Please let me know if you need anything. |
| set up | arrange or organize | Will you help me set up the party for this weekend? |
| turn down | reject | I will have to turn this offer down. |
| put on | wear or add something | You should put a raincoat on before going outside. |
Untrennbare Phrasalverben
Regel 2: Untrennbare Phrasalverben müssen zusammen verwendet werden und können nicht aufgespalten werden, was bedeutet, dass das direkte Objekt immer nach ihnen kommt.
Englisch
Deutsch
It is always difficult to get through the grammar units.
Es ist immer schwierig, durch die Grammatikeinheiten zu kommen.
Get through ist ein untrennbares Phrasalverb, so dass das direkte Objekt nach ihm kommen.
Hier sind einige der am häufigsten verwendeten untrennbaren Phrasalverben im Englischen:
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| calm down | begin to feel more relaxed | We need to calm down before continuing this conversation. |
| come around | change your opinion of something | She didn't like dark chocolate, but came around after trying this brand. |
| count on | rely or depend on | You can always count on me. |
| dive into | start doing something enthusiastically and suddenly | Can't wait to dive into Stephen King's new novel. |
| find out | learn or discover | I've found out a few nice coffee shops nearby I'd like to show you! |
| get over | overcome or recover | How did she get over her last breakup? |
| go ahead | proceed or move forward | You can go ahead with this topic for your research paper. |
| look after | take care of someone or something | He always looks after his little sister. |
| look for | attempt to find someone or something | She wants to start looking for a new job. |
| turn into | become | The caterpillar turned into a beautiful butterfly. |
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| calm down | begin to feel more relaxed | We need to calm down before continuing this conversation. |
| come around | change your opinion of something | She didn't like dark chocolate, but came around after trying this brand. |
| count on | rely or depend on | You can always count on me. |
| dive into | start doing something enthusiastically and suddenly | Can't wait to dive into Stephen King's new novel. |
| find out | learn or discover | I've found out a few nice coffee shops nearby I'd like to show you! |
| get over | overcome or recover | How did she get over her last breakup? |
| go ahead | proceed or move forward | You can go ahead with this topic for your research paper. |
| look after | take care of someone or something | He always looks after his little sister. |
| look for | attempt to find someone or something | She wants to start looking for a new job. |
| turn into | become | The caterpillar turned into a beautiful butterfly. |
Phrasalverben mit zwei Partikeln
Neben den trennbaren und untrennbaren Phrasalverben gibt es auch Phrasalverben mit zwei Partikeln.
Englisch
Deutsch
We've ran out of eggs, so I cannot make an omelette for breakfast.
Uns sind die Eier ausgegangen, deshalb kann ich zum Frühstück kein Omelett machen.
Das Phrasalverb to run out of besteht aus dem Verb run und zwei Partikeln: out und of, und bedeutet "etwas vollständig verbrauchen, so dass nichts mehr übrig bleibt".
Regel 3: Phrasalverben mit zwei Partikeln sind ebenfalls untrennbar, das heißt, sie können nicht getrennt werden. Ein direktes Objekt, auch wenn es ein Pronomen ist, steht immer nach dem Phrasalverb mit zwei Partikeln.
Englisch
Deutsch
It's time to declutter and get rid of the stuff you no longer use.
Es ist an der Zeit, zu entrümpeln und die Dinge loszuwerden, die man nicht mehr braucht.
Get rid of ist ein Phrasalverb mit zwei Partikeln, deshalb kommt das das direkte Objekt stuff nach ihm.
Hier sind einige der am häufigsten verwendeten Phrasalverben mit zwei Partikeln im Englischen:
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| come down with | become sick | She came down with a flu yesterday. |
| come up | develop or think of a plan or an idea | We need to come up with a new strategy for this client. |
| get around to | do something eventually | He refused to talk to his brother, but he'll get around to it. |
| get away with | avoid or escape punishment | Have you seen How to Get Away with a Murderer? |
| get along with | have a good relationship with | She used to never get along with her classmates. |
| get down to | begin or start | Since it's already 7pm, let's get down to cooking dinner. |
| get out of | avoid responsibility | He always gets out of any troubles. |
| keep up with | move or progress at the same rate as something or someone else | It's difficult to keep up with current trends. |
| let go of | release or free | It's time to let go of negative thoughts. |
| look forward to | to wait for something with excitement | He is looking forward to watching a new Batman movie. |
| look up to | admire or idolize someone | I looked up to my sister when I was younger. |
| make up for | compensate for | We will make up for being late next time. |
| put up with | tolerate something difficult or annoying | I cannot put up with your pessimistic attitude. |
| stand up for | defend | He always stands up for his little sister. |
| Phrasal Verb | Bedeutung | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|
| come down with | become sick | She came down with a flu yesterday. |
| come up | develop or think of a plan or an idea | We need to come up with a new strategy for this client. |
| get around to | do something eventually | He refused to talk to his brother, but he'll get around to it. |
| get away with | avoid or escape punishment | Have you seen How to Get Away with a Murderer? |
| get along with | have a good relationship with | She used to never get along with her classmates. |
| get down to | begin or start | Since it's already 7pm, let's get down to cooking dinner. |
| get out of | avoid responsibility | He always gets out of any troubles. |
| keep up with | move or progress at the same rate as something or someone else | It's difficult to keep up with current trends. |
| let go of | release or free | It's time to let go of negative thoughts. |
| look forward to | to wait for something with excitement | He is looking forward to watching a new Batman movie. |
| look up to | admire or idolize someone | I looked up to my sister when I was younger. |
| make up for | compensate for | We will make up for being late next time. |
| put up with | tolerate something difficult or annoying | I cannot put up with your pessimistic attitude. |
| stand up for | defend | He always stands up for his little sister. |
Quiz
1/4
Vervöllständige den Satz. I was decluttering my wardrobe, so I ___ (give away, clothes) I no longer wear.
0
richtig.