The past participle in Spanish is, together with the infinitive and the gerund, a non-personal form of verbs. This means that it is not conjugated with the subject's personal pronouns like verbs such as hablar, comer, etc.
Spanish
English
Hemos aprendido español desde hace dos años.
We have been learning Spanish for two years.
Me sentí perdida en ese lugar.
I felt lost in that place.
Past Participle Usages
Rule 1. Among the past participle's uses is to pair it with compound tenses and the verb haber. Below, you can see examples with the most common compound tenses.
- pretérito perfecto
Spanish
English
Hemos comido súper rico todo el día.
We ate super tasty food all day.
- pretérito pluscuamperfecto
Spanish
English
Ya habían comido cuando llegamos.
They had already eaten when we arrived.
- futuro perfecto
Spanish
English
Cuando ustedes vayan para allá yo ya habré comido.
By the time you get there I will have eaten.
- condicional perfecto
Spanish
English
Habríamos comido si no hubieran llegado tarde.
We would have eaten if they hadn't been late.
Rule 2. They can also be used as adjectives.
Spanish
English
Mario está cansado.
Mario is tired.
Esa casa abandonada siempre nos ha dado miedo.
That abandoned house has always scared us.
Past Participle Form
As a general rule, the past participle is formed as follows:
Rule 3. Add -ado to the stem of verbs ending in -ar.
Spanish
English
Comprar - comprado
buy - bought
Rule 4. Add -ido to the stem of verbs ending in -er/- ir.
Spanish
English
comer - comido
eat - eaten
vivir - vivido
live - lived
Rule 4. When using them as adjectives, you must also consider the agreement in number and gender.
Spanish
English
vivido - vivida- vividos - vividas
lived
Rule 5. The following verbs have irregular participle forms:
| Verb in Infinitive Form | Verb in Past Participle |
|---|---|
| abrir | abierto |
| cubrir | cubierto |
| decir | dicho |
| escribir | escrito |
| hacer | hecho |
| morir | muerto |
| poner | puesto |
| romper | roto |
| volver | vuelto |
| ver | visto |
| Verb in Infinitive Form | Verb in Past Participle |
|---|---|
| abrir | abierto |
| cubrir | cubierto |
| decir | dicho |
| escribir | escrito |
| hacer | hecho |
| morir | muerto |
| poner | puesto |
| romper | roto |
| volver | vuelto |
| ver | visto |
Quiz
1/3
He ____________ (cocinar) toda una cena para ti.
0
correct answers.