Conjunctive adverbs, or adverbial conjunctions, are also known as transitional phrases. We use them to join two independent ideas, whether it's two different clauses within a sentence or two complete sentences. They use the second clause to modify the first clause like an adverb.
Some of the most commonly used English conjunctive adverbs include words like also, however, therefore, nevertheless, meanwhile, otherwise but can also be phrases - for example, as a result, on the contrary.
Example
Explanation
We need to book our tickets in advance; otherwise, we wouldn't be able to choose the seats.
Otherwise is a conjunctive adverb used to join two independent thoughts in one sentence.
Functions
Rule 1: We use conjunctive adverbs to show a relationship between two opposing ideas in one sentence or demonstrate contrast.
Example
Explanation
I love pineapples; however, I'm allergic to them.
However is a conjunctive adverb used to join two opposing thoughts in one sentence.
Rule 2: We use conjunctive adverbs to add ideas to the first clause or link the ideas in two or more sentences.
Example
Explanation
You need to have enough proper rest to stay productive. In addition, you should stay physically active to keep your energy levels high.
We use a transitional phrase (in addition) to link two different ideas in two sentences.
Rule 3: We use conjunctive adverbs to show the cause and effect of an action.
Example
Explanation
I overslept today and, therefore, was late to work.
A conjunctive adverb (therefore) shows that the result expressed in the second clause depends entirely on the action expressed in the first clause.
Rule 4: We use conjunctive adverbs to clarify a point by transitioning to the evidence to back it up.
Example
Explanation
I can think of many things you could wear to the party; for example, that green maxi dress.
We use a transitional phrase (for example) to clarify the point made in the first clause.
Rule 5: We use conjunctive adverbs to compare two similar ideas.
Example
Explanation
Many likes reading books. Similarly, her best friend is an avid reader.
A comparative conjunctive adverb (similarly) is used to compare two similar interests.
Rule 6: We can also use conjunctive adverbs to concede a point.
Example
Explanation
Staying physically active is essential for your overall well-being. Of course, you don't have to work out every day - going for a walk will be enough.
We use a transitional phrase (of course) to concede the point made in the previous sentence.
Rule 7: We can also use conjunctive adverbs to emphasize a point.
Example
Explanation
Staying physically active is essential for keeping fit. Moreover, it will also positively affect your mental well-being.
We use a conjunctive adverb (moreover) to emphasize the importance of staying physically active stated in the previous sentence.
Rule 8: We can also use conjunctive adverbs to summarize an argument.
Example
Explanation
I met a bunch of fantastic people at the conference; all in all, it was a great business trip.
We use a transitional phrase (all in all) to sum up the statement.
Rule 9: We can also use conjunctive adverbs to show time.
Example
Explanation
She was happy to get a raise; lately, she wasn't feeling much appreciated at work.
We use a conjunctive adverb (lately) to signify the time between the actions from the first and the second clause of a sentence.
Punctuation and Placement
Rule 10: Conjunctive adverbs follow a semicolon when connecting two independent clauses within a sentence or a period when connecting two complete sentences. Typically, conjunctive adverbs have a comma after them.
Example
Explanation
That dress didn't fit me well; besides, it was too expensive anyway.
A conjunctive adverb (besides) follows a semicolon and has a comma after it.
Rule 11: We can place a conjunctive adverb at the beginning of a sentence, as long as it connects the rest of the sentence with the previous one.
Example
Explanation
I wanted to order Chinese for dinner tonight. However, my friend prefers Italian.
A conjunctive adverb (however) begins a sentence and still has a comma after it.
Quiz
1/4
Choose a suitable conjunctive adverb to complete the sentence. You failed to meet the deadline. ___, the deal is off.
0
correct answers.